Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer: Recent Advances in Topological Designs, Dynamic Applications, and Global Standardization
Keywords:
Wireless power transfer (WPT), dynamic electric vehicle charging, AI-native control, inductive charging standards, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has evolved into commercially available systems for electric vehicles, drones, and consumer electronics; however, fragmented standards and high infrastructure costs impede widespread proliferation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of near-field WPT technologies, analyzing topological designs, dynamic applications, and standardization frameworks. Comparative analysis of inductive, capacitive, magnetic gear, and RF beamforming topologies reveals power ranges from 1 W to 300 kW, efficiencies of 10–95%, and varying spatial freedom and commercial maturity. Field trials of dynamic wireless charging for electric vehicles in France (A10, 300 kW), the United States (Purdue/INDOT), Italy (A35 Brebemi), and Germany demonstrate technical feasibility at highway speeds. Autonomous drone charging systems and photovoltaic-integrated, grid-independent solutions further demonstrate the expanding diversity of wireless power transfer
applications. Results indicate that while inductive WPT dominates consumer and automotive sectors with 1.5 billion Qi2-certified devices and international standards (IEC 63563-1:2025, IEC/IEEE 63184:2025), dynamic charging lacks comprehensive interoperability standards. Moving from laboratory demonstrations to large-scale adoption requires global roaming standards for EV wireless charging, advanced thermal management, and policy mechanisms including renewable co-location and open patent pools. Recommendations include completing DWPT standardization by 2028, deploying AI-native commercial control systems, and conducting life-cycle assessments to improve environmental impact.
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